Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations:

(≡ homotypic synonym, = heterotypic synonym, - autonym, I invalid designation)

• (=) Cinchona succirubra Pav. ex Klotzsch

Common names:

• quinine  (Source: Dict Rehm) - English
• red cinchona  (Source: Ency CNatIn) - English
• red Peruvian-bark  (Source: Ency CNatIn) - English
• redbark  (Source: World Econ Pl) - English
• quinquina rouge  (Source: Dict Rehm) - French
• quina-do-Amazonas  (Source: Dict Rehm) - Portuguese
• quineira  (Source: pers. comm.) - Portuguese (Brazil)
• cascarilla  (Source: Dict Rehm) - Spanish
• cinchona  (Source: Dict Rehm) - Spanish
• rött kinaträd  (Source: Kulturvaxtdatabas) - Swedish

Economic Importance:

• Food additives: flavoring (bitter for tonic water & alcoholic beverages) flavoring
• Materials:
• Medicines: folklore; folklore
• Weed:

Distributional Range:

Native

Southern America

• CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica, Panama [Chiriquí]
• NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Venezuela
• WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru


Cultivated (also cult.)

Naturalized

Africa

• MACARONESIA: Cape Verde

Pacific

• NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
• NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia

Southern America

• CARIBBEAN: West Indies
• WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador [Galápagos]

References:

1. Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica Note: introduced
2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) URL: www.skud.info
3. Andersson, L. & A. Antonelli. 2005. Phylogeny of the tribe Cinchoneae (Rubiaceae), its position in Cinchonoideae, and description of a new genus, Ciliosemina. Taxon 54:17-28.
4. Andersson, L. 1998. A revision of the genus Cinchona (Rubiaceae-Cinchoneae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 80:30.
5. Bisset, N. G., ed. 1994. Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals. A handbook for practice on a scientific basis CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. Note: translation of German edition by M. Wichtl, ed.
6. Buddenhagen, C. E. et al. 2004. The control of a highly invasive tree Cinchona pubescens in Galapagos. Weed Technol. 18:1194-1202.
7. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
8. Encarnación, F. 1983. Nomenclatura de las especies forestales comunes en el Perú Note: Documento de Trabajo no. 7, Proyecto PNUD/FAO/PER/81/002, Lima, Peru
9. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
10. Fischer, L. K. et al. 2009. Tree invasion in managed tropical forests facilitates endemic species. J. Biogeogr. 36:2251-2263. Note: together with Cinchona calisaya were introduced in Hawai'i in the 1940s, both species are considered invasives, although providing posistive effects on native understorey species
11. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Cinchona+pubescens&quantity=1 target='_blank'
12. Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
13. Harling, G. & B. Sparre, eds. 1973-. Flora of Ecuador.
14. Koblitz, H. et al. 1983. Studies on tissue cultures of the genus Cinchona L.- In vitro mass propagation through meristem-derived plants. Pl. Cell Rep. 2:95-97. Note: in addition of citing Cinchona pubescens, it recognized its current synonym C. succirubra
15. Lasser, T., ed. 1964-. Flora de Venezuela.
16. Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 Note: = Cinchona succirubra
17. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
18. Macbride, J. F. et al., eds. 1936-. Flora of Peru Note: 1936-1971; new ser. 1980-
19. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
20. Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(1):204.
21. Personal Care Products Council. INCI
22. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
23. Soukup, J. 1973. Las Rubiaceas del Perú, sus géneros y lista de especies. Biota 9:325.
24. Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
25. Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
26. Westphal, E. & P. C. M. Jansen, eds. 1989. A selection. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) A:83.
27. Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943-1980. Flora of Panama.

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2024. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN-Taxonomy).
National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://gringlobal.iita.org/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=10570. Accessed 6 July 2024.