Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations:

(≡ homotypic synonym, = heterotypic synonym, - autonym, I invalid designation)

• Basionym: Cynosurus indicus L.
• (-) Eleusine indica subsp. indica (L.) Gaertn.
• (-) Eleusine indica var. indica (L.) Gaertn.
• (=) Eleusine japonica Steud.

Common names:

• crabgrass  (Source: pers. comm.) - English
• crowfoot grass  (Source: pers. comm.) - English
• goose grass  (Source: World Econ Pl) - English
• wire grass  (Source: Atlas WWeed) - English
• yard grass  (Source: Dict Rehm) - English
• nageil  (Source: F Egypt) - Arabic
• eleusine des Indes  (Source: F NAmer) - French
• eleusine d'Inde  (Source: F NAmer) - French
• pied de poule  (Source: Dict Rehm) - French
• capim-da-cidade  (Source: pers. comm.) - Portuguese (Brazil)
• capim-de-burro  (Source: pers. comm.) - Portuguese (Brazil)
• capim-pé-de-galinha  (Source: pers. comm.) - Portuguese (Brazil)
• grama-de-coradouro  (Source: pers. comm.) - Portuguese (Brazil)
• grama-sapo  (Source: pers. comm.) - Portuguese (Brazil)
• grama de caballo  (Source: Dict Rehm) - Spanish
• gåshirs  (Source: Kulturvaxtdatabas) - Swedish

Economic Importance:

• Vertebrate poisons: mammals
• Weed: potential seed contaminant

Distributional Range:

Native

Africa

• NORTHERN AFRICA: Egypt
• NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ethiopia, Sudan (s.)
• EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
• WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda
• WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote D'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
• SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe
• SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Eswatini, Namibia, South Africa [KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape]
• WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar

Asia-Temperate

• ARABIAN PENINSULA: Oman, Yemen
• CHINA: China
• EASTERN ASIA: Japan, Korea, Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

• INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan
• INDO-CHINA: India, [Andaman and Nicobar Islands] Indochina, Myanmar


Adventive

Europe

• NORTHERN EUROPE: Norway
• MIDDLE EUROPE: Belgium
• EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation [Volgograd]


Naturalized

Africa

• MACARONESIA: Portugal, [Azores, Madeira Islands] Spain [Canarias]
• NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Libya, Morocco
• WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Mauritius, Seychelles

Asia-Temperate

• WESTERN ASIA: Egypt, [Sinai] Iran, Turkey
• CAUCASUS: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia

Asia-Tropical

• PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea
• MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines

Australasia

• AUSTRALIA: Australia
• NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand

Europe

• MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Switzerland
• EASTERN EUROPE: Ukraine
• SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece (incl. Crete), Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
• SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: France (incl. Corsica), Portugal, Spain

Northern America

• Mexico, United States

Pacific

• NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
• NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, United States [Guam, Northern Mariana Islands]
• SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Pitcairn
• SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Samoa, Tonga, United States, [American Samoa] Wallis and Futuna Islands

Southern America

• CARIBBEAN: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and Grenadines, United States, [Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, U.S.] Virgin Islands (British)
• CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama
• NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
• BRAZIL: Brazil
• WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
• SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile, [Easter Island] Paraguay, Uruguay


Other (exact native range in paleotropics obscure)

References:

1. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. 1996. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581.
2. Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica
3. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) URL: www.skud.info
4. Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand.
5. Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan.
6. Boulos, L. & M. N. El-Hadidi. 1984. The weeds of Egypt.
7. Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
8. Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45
9. CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
10. Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
11. Davidse, G. et al., eds. 1994. Flora mesoamericana.
12. Dyer, R. A. et al., eds. 1963-. Flora of southern Africa.
13. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
14. Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
15. FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
16. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Eleusine+indica&quantity=1 target='_blank'
17. Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
18. Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14
19. Ghazanfar, S. A. 1992. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2
20. Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al. 1990. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58 Note: = Eleusine indica subsp. indica
21. Görts-van Rijn, A. R. A., ed. 1986-. Flora of the Guianas.
22. Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. 1984-. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim.
23. Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
24. Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
25. Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
26. Hilu, K. W. & J. M. J. de Wet. 1976. Domestication of Eleusine coracana. Econ. Bot. 30:199-208.
27. Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
28. Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
29. Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
30. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
31. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
32. Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions
33. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
34. Lazarides, M. 1980. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia
35. León (J. S. Sauget) & Alain (E. E. Liogier). 1946-1969. Flora de Cuba
36. Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 2000. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis, ed. 2.
37. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
38. Neves, S. S. et al. 2005. Phylogeny of Eleusine (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) based on nuclear ITS and plastid trnT-trnF sequences. Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 35:395-419. Note: it confirms Eleusine indica "as the maternal A genome donor" of finger millet
39. Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-mer. 1969. Graminees des paturages et des cultures a Madagascar.
40. Peterson, P. M. et al. 2015. A molecular phylogeny and classification of the Eleusininae with a new genus, Micrachne (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae). Taxon 64:445-467.
41. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
42. Proctor, G. R. 1984. Flora of the Cayman Islands. Kew Bulletin Additional Series XI.
43. Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
44. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
45. Releford, J. S. et al. 2009. Flora of Rongelap and Ailinginae Atolls, Republic of the Marshalls Islands. Atoll Res. Bull. 572:1-13.
46. Renvoize, S. A. 1998. Gramineas de Bolivia
47. Shukla, U. 1996. Grasses of north-eastern India
48. Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:179.
49. Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
50. Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. 1995-. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Note: Missouri Botanical Garden & Timber Press
51. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
52. Veldkamp, J. F. 1997. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
53. Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource). URL: http://www.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/poaceae/eleusine-indica/fichas/pagina1.htm target='_blank'
54. Wagner, W. L. et al. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i
55. Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
56. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
57. 2018. Mid-Atlantic invasive plant species (on-line resource)

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2024. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN-Taxonomy).
National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://gringlobal.iita.org/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=14997. Accessed 3 July 2024.