Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations:

(≡ homotypic synonym, = heterotypic synonym, - autonym, I invalid designation)

• (≡) Chaetochloa italica (L.) Scribn.
• Basionym: Panicum italicum L.
• (-) Setaria italica subsp. italica (L.) P. Beauv.
• (=) Setaria italica subsp. maxima (Alef.) Dekapr. & Kasparian
• (-) Setaria italica var. italica (L.) P. Beauv.
• (=) Setaria italica var. moharia Alef. ex Hegi

Common names:

• dwarf setaria  (Source: Aust Pl Common Names) - English
• foxtail bristle grass  (Source: Zander ed16) - English
• foxtail bristle grass  (Source: BSBI) - English
• foxtail millet  (Source: World Econ Pl) - English
• German millet  (Source: Pl Book) - English
• giant setaria  (Source: Aust Pl Common Names) - English
• Hungarian millet  (Source: Pl Book) - English
• Italian millet  (Source: World Econ Pl) - English
• foxtail millet  (Source: ICAW) - English (Canada)
• millet des oiseaux  (Source: Dict Rehm) - French
• millet d'Italie  (Source: Dict Rehm) - French
• petit mil  (Source: Pl Res SEAs) - French
• sétaire d'Italie  (Source: Dict Rehm) - French
• sétaire d’Italie   (Source: ICAW) - French (Canada)
• Kolbenhirse  (Source: Zander ed16) - German
• panico  (Source: Mult Glossary Crops) - Italian
• milho-painço  (Source: Dict Rehm) - Portuguese
• mijo  (Source: Cavanillesia Alt) - Spanish
• mijo de Italia  (Source: Dict Rehm) - Spanish
• mijo menor  (Source: Dict Rehm) - Spanish
• moha  (Source: Dict Rehm) - Spanish
• panizo  (Source: Dict Rehm) - Spanish
• kolvhirs  (Source: Kulturvaxtdatabas) - Swedish
• dzo  (Source: Kulturpflanze) - Transcribed Korean

Economic Importance:

• Animal food: fodder (and also a birdseed, as Setaria italica subsp. italica)
• Food additives:
• Human food: cereal (as Setaria italica subsp. italica) vegetable (as Setaria italica subsp. italica)
• Weed: potential seed contaminant (as Setaria italica subsp. italica)

Distributional Range:

Native

Africa

• NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia

Asia-Temperate

• WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Turkey
• CAUCASUS: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation, [Dagestan] Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia]
• SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia, [Eastern Siberia] Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia]
• MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
• MONGOLIA: Mongolia
• RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation-Far East [Far East]
• CHINA: China
• EASTERN ASIA: Japan, Taiwan

Asia-Tropical

• INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India (n.e.), Nepal, Pakistan

Europe

• NORTHERN EUROPE: United Kingdom
• MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland
• EASTERN EUROPE: Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russian Federation, [Volgograd] Russian Federation-European part, [European part] Ukraine (incl. Krym)
• SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece (incl. Crete), Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania, Slovenia
• SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: France (incl. Corsica), Portugal, Spain (incl. Baleares)


Cultivated (widely cult. in temperate & tropic regions)

Naturalized (widely natzd. in temperate & tropic regions)

Other (crop origin Eurasia, possibly China)

References:

1. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource). URL: http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/related/Setaria_italica/ target='_blank'
2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) URL: www.skud.info
3. Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. CRC Press. Note: Revised version of AH 170
4. Benabdelmouna, A. et al. 2001. Phylogenetic and genomic relationships in Setaria italica and its close relatives based on the molecular diversity and chromosomal organization of 5S and 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA genes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 103:668-677. Note: supports conspecific relationship with Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.
5. Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
6. Catasús Guerra, L. J. 2002. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, II. Cavanillesia Altera 3:1-163.
7. CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
8. Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) Cambridge University Press.
9. Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 47.
10. Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
11. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
12. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). URL: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Setaria+italica&quantity=1 target='_blank'
13. Grubben, G. J. H. & Soetjipto Partohardjono, eds. 1996. Cereals. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 10:127-130.
14. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
15. International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
16. Li, Y. et al. 1998. Intraspecific and interspecific variation in Setaria revealed by RAPD analysis. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 45:279-285. Note: supports conspecific relationship with Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.
17. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
18. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:129.
19. Personal Care Products Council. INCI
20. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
21. Prasada Rao, K. E. et al. 1987. Infraspecific variation and systematics of cultivated Setaria italica, foxtail millet (Poaceae). Econ. Bot. 41:108-116.
22. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
23. Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:133.
24. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1980. Flora europaea. 5:264.
25. Veldkamp, J. F. 1994. Miscellaneous notes on southeast Asian Gramineae: 9. Setaria and Paspalidium. Blumea 39:377.
26. Wang, R.-L. et al. 1995. Weedy adaptation in Setaria spp. I. Isozyme analysis of genetic diversity and population genetic structure in Setaria viridis. Amer. J. Bot. 82:308-317. Note: supports conspecific relationship with Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.
27. Wang, Z. M. et al. 1998. Construction of RFLP-based maps of foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.. Theor. Appl. Genet. 96:31-36. Note: supports conspecific relationship with Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.
28. Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:577.
29. 2018. Mid-Atlantic invasive plant species (on-line resource)
30. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2024. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN-Taxonomy).
National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://gringlobal.iita.org/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=33817. Accessed 1 July 2024.